Who Is Chhathi Maiya? The Goddess Behind Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja, one of the most revered festivals in Bihar, Jharkhand, and parts of Eastern India, is dedicated to the Sun God, Surya, and his divine sister/consort, Chhathi Maiya. While millions offer arghya to Surya, the real power behind the festival is Chhathi Maiya the goddess who protects children and ensures the health, prosperity, and longevity of families. Her worship is deeply intertwined with devotion, gratitude, and the symbolic offering of light to the Sun.

Chhathi Maiya, also known as Usha or Shashthi Devi, is the guardian goddess of children and fertility. She is often depicted as gentle and nurturing, yet immensely powerful, capable of granting boons and protecting the youngest members of society. In some traditions, she is considered the sister of Surya Dev; in others, she is viewed as his consort both interpretations highlighting her connection to the Sun’s energy and life-giving power.
Chhathi Maiya’s worship is inseparable from Surya Dev. Devotees offer arghya water, fruits, and prayers to the Sun at sunrise and sunset, invoking her blessings for children’s well-being. This practice symbolizes gratitude for life, energy, and divine protection, making Chhathi Maiya both a maternal and solar figure.
The festival spans four days, including fasting, holy bathing in rivers, and offering arghya to the setting and rising sun. Women, often the main participants, demonstrate devotion, discipline, and gratitude, which according to folklore, pleases Chhathi Maiya, ensuring the health and success of their children.

According to local legends, Sita Mata herself performed Chhath Puja after returning to Ayodhya to thank the Sun God for blessings. Chhathi Maiya is also linked to the ancient goddess Shashthi, venerated as the protector of infants. These stories reinforce her maternal and protective essence, making her central to the festival.

Chhathi Maiya embodies divine care, discipline, and gratitude. Families continue to worship her for children’s health, safe childbirth, and family prosperity. The festival encourages community bonding, spiritual discipline, and respect for nature and celestial forces, with Chhathi Maiya as the guiding deity.

While the Sun God receives the visible offerings, it is Chhathi Maiya who silently watches over children and families. Her blessings, faith, and protection are the true essence of Chhath Puja, reminding devotees of devotion, discipline, and maternal divine care.